Was it Billy Budd? Lashings? Worse yet would be no shore liberty or cold brewskis. Beat me if you must, but give me a cold brew and a smoke afterwards.
I believe the book you were thinking about was Melville's White Jacket a very powerful work on flogging in the U.S. Navy. I TA'd for a course in military history at Purdue University and the prof had the students read the book and then write an essay on it. One of the ROTC students said it was better to flog a sailor than to put him in the brig. If you put him in the brig, you lost him for work details. If, however, you gave him some lashes, he could go back to work! Never forgot that reasoning. As I was grading the paper, I was able to make a few comments on his observation.
Dana also wrote a very good book on life as a merchant sailor, which also was not one of a pleasure cruise.