Each day I will post various remarks from our Founders on
what they thought about on various subjects. Since our inception as a country it
seems, at least to me America looks very different today than then. Many of
their beliefs shaped the beginning. In many respects we have set ourselves up
for collapse from within. Not from all people, but from those who wish America
to change it's face or to fail outright. It is because of the latter that I
decided to launch this series. Please feel free to discuss these remarks that
were made so long ago. I believe this information is very important, especially
for the military since they are the armed protectors of our nation, the front
lines of our defense and as to our very survival as a nation in this world.


Day 19: Federalism

Madison, James Notes on Nullification
0
Topic: Federalism

It becomes all therefore who are friends of a Government based on free principles to reflect, that by denying the possibility of a system partly federal and partly consolidated, and who would convert ours into one either wholly federal or wholly consolidated, in neither of which forms have individual rights, public order, and external safety, been all duly maintained, they aim a deadly blow at the last hope of true liberty on the face of the Earth.



Madison, James Federalist No. 45
0
Topic: Federalism

The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite.



Hamilton, Alexander Federalist No. 9
1787
Topic: Federalism

The proposed Constitution, so far from implying an abolition of the State governments, makes them constituent parts of the national sovereignty, by allowing them a direct representation in the Senate, and leaves in their possession certain exclusive and very important portions of sovereign power. This fully corresponds, in every rational import of the terms, with the idea of a federal government.


Federal Farmer Antifederalist Letter
October 10, 1787
Topic: Federalism

Besides, to lay and collect internal taxes in this extensive country must require a great number of congressional ordinances, immediately operation upon the body of the people; these must continually interfere with the state laws and thereby produce disorder and general dissatisfaction till the one system of laws or the other, operating upon the same subjects, shall be abolished.



Madison, James Federalist No. 39
1788
Topic: Federalism

Each State, in ratifying the Constitution, is considered as a sovereign body, independent of all others, and only to be bound by its own voluntary act. In this relation, then, the new Constitution will, if established, be a FEDERAL, and not a NATIONAL constitution.



Madison, James Federalist No. 45
1788
Topic: Federalism

The operations of the federal government will be most extensive and important in times of war and danger; those of the State governments, in times of peace and security.


Dickinson, John Letters of Fabius
1788
Topic: Federalism

The power of the people pervading the proposed system, together with the strong confederation of the states, will form an adequate security against every danger that has been apprehended.



Madison, James Federalist No. 46
January 29, 1788
Topic: Federalism

But ambitious encroachments of the federal government, on the authority of the State governments, would not excite the opposition of a single State, or of a few States only. They would be signals of general alarm... But what degree of madness could ever drive the federal government to such an extremity.



Hamilton, Alexander speech at the New York Ratifying Convention
June, 1788
Topic: Federalism

When you assemble from your several counties in the Legislature, were every member to be guided only by the apparent interest of his county, government would be impracticable. There must be a perpetual accomodation and sacrifice of local advantage to general expediency.


Hamilton, Alexander speech to the New York Ratifying Convention
June, 1788
Topic: Federalism

The local interest of a State ought in every case to give way to the interests of the Union. For when a sacrifice of one or the other is necessary, the former becomes only an apparent, partial interest, and should yield, on the principle that the smaller good ought never to oppose the greater good.



Hamilton, Alexander speech to the New York Ratifying Convention
June 17, 1788
Topic: Federalism

This balance between the National and State governments ought to be dwelt on with peculiar attention, as it is of the utmost importance. It forms a double security to the people. If one encroaches on their rights they will find a powerful protection in the other. Indeed, they will both be prevented from overpassing their constitutional limits by a certain rivalship, which will ever subsist between them.



Hamilton, Alexander speech to the New York Ratifying Convention
June 17, 1788
Topic: Federalism

The State governments possess inherent advantages, which will ever give them an influence and ascendancy over the National Government, and will for ever preclude the possibility of federal encroachments. That their liberties, indeed, can be subverted by the federal head, is repugnant to every rule of political calculation.


Hamilton, Alexander speech to the New York Ratifying Convention
June 24, 1788
Topic: Federalism

While the constitution continues to be read, and its principles known, the states, must, by every rational man, be considered as essential component parts of the union; and therefore the idea of sacrificing the former to the latter is totally inadmissible.



Tenth Amendment to the Constitution Bill of Rights
December 15, 1791
Topic: Federalism

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.



Jefferson, Thomas Opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank
February 15, 1791
Topic: Federalism

I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground that 'all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or to the people.' To take a single step beyond the boundaries thus specially drawn around the powers of Congress, is to take possession of a boundless field of power, not longer susceptible of any definition.


Jefferson, Thomas letter to Judge William Johnson
June 12, 1823
Topic: Federalism

[T]he States can best govern our home concerns and the general government our foreign ones. I wish, therefore...never to see all offices transferred to Washington, where, further withdrawn from the eyes of the people, they may more secretly be bought and sold at market.



Story, Joseph Commentaries on the Constitution
1833
Topic: Federalism

So that the executive and legislative branches of the national government depend upon, and emanate from the states. Every where the state sovereignties are represented; and the national sovereignty, as such, has no representation.



Story, Joseph Commentaries on the Constitution
1833
Topic: Federalism

The state governments have a full superintendence and control over the immense mass of local interests of their respective states, which connect themselves with the feelings, the affections, the municipal institutions, and the internal arrangements of the whole population. They possess, too, the immediate administration of justice in all cases, civil and criminal, which concern the property, personal rights, and peaceful pursuits of their own citizens.



Story, Joseph Commentaries on the Constitution
1833
Topic: Federalism

In the next place, the state governments are, by the very theory of the constitution, essential constituent parts of the general government. They can exist without the latter, but the latter cannot exist without them.



Story, Joseph Commentaries on the Constitution
1833
Topic: Federalism

Another not unimportant consideration is, that the powers of the general government will be, and indeed must be, principally employed upon external objects, such as war, peace, negotiations with foreign powers, and foreign commerce. In its internal operations it can touch but few objects, except to introduce regulations beneficial to the commerce, intercourse, and other relations, between the states, and to lay taxes for the common good. The powers of the states, on the other hand, extend to all objects, which, in the ordinary course of affairs, concern the lives, and liberties, and property of the people, and the internal order, improvement, and prosperity of the state.



Story, Joseph Commentaries on the Constitution
1833
Topic: Federalism

The true test is, whether the object be of a local character, and local use; or, whether it be of general benefit to the states. If it be purely local, congress cannot constitutionally appropriate money for the object. But, if the benefit be general, it matters not, whether in point of locality it be in one state, or several; whether it be of large, or of small extent.

Our Founders Thoughts Day 18: Constitutional Interpretation

Socialism: Does it Fit Mankind?